I-Polylactic acid (PLA): enye indlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwiiplastiki

Yintoni i-PLA?

I-Polylactic acid, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-PLA (i-Polylactic Acid), i-monoma ye-thermoplastic ephuma kwimithombo yezinto eziphilayo ezivuselelekayo ezifana nesitatshi sombona okanye iswekile okanye i-beet pulp.

Nangona iyafana neeplastiki zangaphambili, iipropati zayo ziye zaba zizixhobo ezivuselelekayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yendalo engakumbi kumafutha efosili.

I-PLA isenayo i-carbon neutral, iyatyiwa, kwaye i-biodegradable, oku kuthetha ukuba inokubola ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo endaweni yokuqhekeka kwi-microplastics eyingozi.

Ngenxa yokukwazi ukubola, idla ngokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokupakisha iingxowa zeplastiki ezibolisiweyo, iindiza, iikomityi, iipleyiti, kunye neetafile.

Indlela yokuthotywa kwePLA

I-PLA ifumana ukonakaliswa okungelona bhayoloji ngeendlela ezintathu:

I-Hydrolysis: Amaqela e-ester kwikhonkco eliphambili aphukile, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ubunzima be-molecular.

I-Thermal decomposition: into eyinkimbinkimbi eyenza ukubunjwa kwee-compounds ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-molecules elula, i-oligomers ecacileyo kunye ne-cyclic ene-molecular weights ezahlukeneyo, kunye ne-lactide.

Ifotodegradation: Imitha ye-ultraviolet inokubangela ukuthotywa. Le yeyona nto iphambili ebonisa i-polylactic acid ekukhanyeni kwelanga kwiplastiki, izitya zokupakisha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwefilimu.

Impendulo ye-hydrolysis yile:

-COO- + H 2 O → -COOH + -OH

Izinga lokuthotywa licotha kakhulu kwiqondo lobushushu le-ambient. Uphononongo luka-2017 lufumene ukuba i-PLA ayizange ifumane ilahleko esemgangathweni kunyaka kumanzi olwandle kwi-25 ° C (77 ° F), kodwa uphando aluzange lulinganise ukubola okanye ukufunxa kwamanzi kwiintambo ze-polymer.

Zeziphi iindawo zesicelo sePLA?

1. Impahla yabathengi
I-PLA isetyenziswa kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo zabathengi, ezifana neetafile ezilahlwayo, iingxowa zokuthenga kwivenkile enkulu, iikhaseji zezixhobo zasekhitshini, kunye neelaptops kunye nezixhobo eziphathwa ngesandla.

2. Ezolimo
I-PLA isetyenziswa kuhlobo lwefiber kwiintambo zokuloba zosinga olunye kunye neminatha yezityalo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokhula. Isetyenziselwa iingxowa zesanti, iimbiza zeentyatyambo, iintambo zokubopha, kunye neentambo.

3. Unyango lwezonyango
I-PLA inokuthotywa ibe yi-lactic acid engenabungozi, iyenze ilungele ukusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zonyango ngendlela yeeankile, izikrufu, iipleyiti, izikhonkwane, iintonga kunye nenetha.

Ezona meko zine zixhaphakileyo zokulahla

1. Ukurisayikilisha:
Isenokuba kukurisayikilishwa kweekhemikhali okanye ukurisayikilishwa ngoomatshini. EBelgium, iGalaxy iqalise isityalo sokuqala sokulinga ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iikhemikhali zePLA (Loopla). Ngokungafaniyo nokurisayikilisha koomatshini, inkunkuma isenokuba nezingcolisi ezahlukeneyo. Iasidi yePolylactic inokubuyiselwa ngokwekhemikhali njengemonomers ngokusebenzisa i-polymerization ye-thermal okanye i-hydrolysis. Emva kokucocwa, ii-monomers zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-PLA eluhlaza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iipropati zabo zangaphambili.

2. Ukwenza umgquba:
I-PLA inokuthi ihlaziywe phantsi kweemeko zokwenziwa komgquba kwimizi-mveliso, kuqala ngekhemikhali ye-hydrolysis, emva koko nge-microbial digestion, kwaye ekugqibeleni ithotywe. Phantsi kweemeko zokwenziwa komgquba kwimizi-mveliso (58 ° C (136 ° F)), iPLA ingabola ngokuyinxenye (malunga nesiqingatha) ibe ngamanzi kunye nekharbon diokside phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-60, kunye nenxalenye eseleyo yonakala kancinane emva koko, ngokuxhomekeke kubucwebe bezinto. Kwimekobume engenazo iimeko eziyimfuneko, ukubola kuya kucotha kakhulu, kufane neeplastiki ezingezizo zebhayoloji, ezingayi kubola ngokupheleleyo kumakhulu okanye amawaka eminyaka.

3. Ukutshisa:
I-PLA inokutshiswa ngaphandle kokuvelisa i-chlorine equkethe iikhemikhali okanye isinyithi esinzima, njengoko iqulethe kuphela i-carbon, i-oksijini kunye ne-athomu ye-hydrogen. Ukutshisa i-PLA echithiweyo iya kuvelisa i-19.5 MJ / kg (8368 btu / lb) yamandla ngaphandle kokushiya nayiphi na intsalela. Esi siphumo, kunye nezinye iziphumo, sibonisa ukuba ukutshisa yindlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo yokunyanga inkunkuma ye-polylactic acid.

4. Itiphu:
Nangona i-PLA inokungena kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, lolona khetho lungenabungozi kokusingqongileyo kuba imathiriyeli ithotywa kancinane kumaqondo obushushu akwi-ambient, ngokuthe ngcembe njengezinye iiplastiki ezingonakali.